First, let me point out that the blog post you’ve found is more than 8 years old, and SonarQube no longer supports SQALE. We used to categorize rules by the SQALE characteristics (and subcharacteristics) but what we found was that the model didn’t fit the way we did development, and we suspected it didn’t fit the way most other people did it either.
So… there’s really very little relationship at this point between SQALE and SonarQube.
There’s a relationship between SQALE and ISO 9126, but no relationship between SonarQube and SQALE and transitively no relationship between SonarQube and ISO 9126.