Your best bet is to use an independent LDAP client to figure out what the correct connection parameter values are, and then use the docs to find the right keys to feed them into SonarQube.
here is the error message encountered in the logs :
[LDAP: error code 1 - 000004DC: LdapErr: DSID-0C090A22, comment: In order to perform this operation a successful bind must be completed on the connection., data 0, v3839 ]
javax.naming.NamingException: [LDAP: error code 1 - 000004DC: LdapErr: DSID-0C090A22, comment: In order to perform this operation a successful bind must be completed on the connection., data 0, v3839 ]
2021.11.18 11:51:37 DEBUG web[AX0yqwGbgvSy1TZcAAA0][o.s.a.l.LdapUsersProvider] User āusernameā not found in
2021.11.18 11:51:37 ERROR web[AX0yqwGbgvSy1TZcAAA0][o.s.s.a.CredentialsExternalAuthentication] Error during authentication
org.sonar.auth.ldap.LdapException: Unable to retrieve details for user āusernameā in
Nothing more than what Iāve already suggested. The bind is the first basic step. With an independent LDAP client, you can work through that without the extra stuff around starting up SonarQube.