Thank you for your detailed reply, Sophio! Also pointing to parts of the docu helps a lot 
So … i try to interpret / extrapolate from that (and the unqoted rest): Is the following true?
If my “state of connectivity” is connected but *unbound* then for analysis the “baked-in” Version of the rulesets of the SonarLint version that i installed are used. (e.g. none of the SonarQube rulesets that are shown in the screenshot above as “fetched” is actually applied/used)
I promise i will not derail @antoniobriones thread anymore (after your hopefully coming reply) 
//edit: i remembered something \o/ 
… some month ago i was already somewhere in that territory. And at that time i also made the suggestion that springs to my mind again here: add tags to the rules to show where/how they are available … not via images inside every rule, but searchable via tags like described here: Rules not getting updated in default sonar Quality profile - #5 by daniel