What you are looking for is called SCA (Software Composition Analysis) and SonarQube CE or greater doesn’t provide such a feature. We do SAST and detect vulnerabilities in your PHP code.
The recommended version if you care about code security is at minimum SonarQube Developer Edition.
We recently announced SonarQube Advanced Security, which will include SCA capabilities. While it’s not available yet, we expect general availability for SonarQube Server in May 2025, and SonarQube Cloud Enterprise shortly after.