Yes, the Quality Profile is customised based on a) our coding standards and b) where we see particular coding practises that need attention. We include a number of other plugins to increase rule coverage. I would expect most people would customise their profiles.
However, this is a sonar plugin rule and the user has confirmed they have simply connected Jetbrains Rider to SonarQube, operate in Connected mode and not changed anything.
Regardless of where the rules are coming from (or if many people edit the profile), the question remains if the SonarQube project on the server is attached to the same Quality Profile that is being used by SonarLint for VSCode.
Can you check the Quality Profile tied to this project on SonarQube (Project Information > Quality Profiles used) to see if the rule is enabled on SonarQube?
To understand that analyzers that run during the build (that pushes the results for SonarQube), can you attach logs from this project (or a simpler project that reproduces the same behavior) with the following level of detail?