I am also getting the same crash but slightly different stack trace on Fedora 33 and Windows 10 after being forced to update to the latest version. Was working without issue before the update. Can you share the results / fix ASAP?
04:33:50.992 ERROR: Exception in thread pool-3-thread-7
com.sonar.cpp.analyzer.Analyzer$AnalyzerException: Exit code != 0: C:\dev\src\project\src\ComponentManagerV2.cpp
at com.sonar.cpp.analyzer.Subprocess.execute(Subprocess.java:81)
at com.sonar.cpp.analyzer.Subprocess.execute(Subprocess.java:78)
at com.sonar.cpp.plugin.CFamilySensor.lambda$process$8(CFamilySensor.java:655)
at com.sonar.cpp.analyzer.AnalysisExecutor.lambda$submit$0(AnalysisExecutor.java:59)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Currently unable to use SonarCloud at all for C++ it seems. Have tried in two different projects, and all cpp source files crash with the same error.