Corrupted database - looking to check for consistent state

Well it depends on how you ran the backup of the DB. Usually MySQL backups are made in a transactional fashion-way, so the connexion reading datas and writing them into the backup file is respectful of the current other running transactions (if you did not changed the default isolation level to something like READ_UNCOMMITED, which may cause dirty reads and lead to inconsistency). With the default isolation level, you will not have inconsistency, but you may have some data missing : basically any operation on the DB started AFTER the backup started.

So You would want to check to the transaction isolation level used for the backup, and check that your re-run any analysis performed after the backup started.