Would you mind downloading https://binaries.sonarsource.com/SonarLint-for-Eclipse/releases/4.3.0/plugins/org.sonarlint.eclipse.core_4.3.0.12432.jar in the directory that is excluded from Windows Defender, then extract the JAR. Then try to copy exploded JAR in a folder checked by Windows Defender, and see which file(s) are deleted by Windows Defender. I would like to see if we could narrow down to a more specific file before trying to report the issue to Microsoft.
Thanks