If your question is about SonarQube for IDE in the IntelliJ Platform, VS Code, Visual Studio, or Eclipse, please post it in that sub-category.
Otherwise, please provide:
Operating system:
IDE name and flavor/env:
And a thorough description of the problem / question: why my sonarqube for ide can’t get custom rules result,this Quality profiles just have one custom rule sonar-custom-plugin-example-10.x
SonarQube for IDE does not allow execution of custom plugins in connected mode. It only allows custom rules for already supported languages. You can find more information here.
If your intention is to write custom rules for Java specifically, you can check this tutorial. Such rules will be executed in SonarQube for IDE in connected mode.