I just downloaded and installed Ubuntu 18.04 from https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop and build-wrapper works on it:
And in Docker on it:
Furthermore, despite the fact that I strongly believe that we should stop discussing non-LTS-soon-end-of-life version, I downloaded and installed Ubuntu 17.10.1 from http://releases.ubuntu.com/17.10/ and as already explained above - build-wrapper doesn’t work on it. However works in Docker on Ubuntu 17.10.1, what seems quite logical to me - AFAIK Docker container uses host’s kernel, but not loader of executables:
Thus I truly have no idea how we can reproduce your problem. Can you provide exact steps to follow?
And please provide all the output of a tracing of a failing execution as following (directory bw-output and files stdout.txt and stderr.txt):
strace -f -E LD_DEBUG=all ./build-wrapper-linux-x86/build-wrapper-linux-x86-64 --out-dir bw-output /bin/echo test >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt