After a few hours of investigation and debug found the cause of the issue in “scanner-api”. I suppose it happens because of this line of code where path - is a relative path which is not recommended by Gradle guideline.
On “openjdk:8u181-jdk-slim” it works correctly and absolute path resolved as “/Users/yevheniisemenov/Documents/sonar-java12/?/.sonar” path.
But on “openjdk:12.0.1-jdk” absolute path resolved as “/Users/yevheniisemenov/Documents/sonar-java12/.gradle/daemon/5.4/?/.sonar”.
I will try to contribute a fix and submit a pull request later.
For now, as a workaround, SONAR_USER_HOME env. variable is being helped to fix the issue.