Hi Markus,
Welcome to the community!
wrapper.conf is (used to be) part of the installation of SonarQube itself. It’s unrelated to running analysis.
Are you using a Microsoft-hosted build agent or a self-hosted agent? If the former, Java should already be there for you.
Can you provide your analysis log?
The analysis / scanner log is what’s output from the analysis command. Hopefully, the log you provide - redacted as necessary - will include that command as well.
This guide will help you find them.
Ann