This was something I didn’t think of myself but is actually helpful. It makes the command in Jenkins less complex and the settings in SonarQube more clear.
But the results are a bit mixed in SonarLint. It is excluding the folders and files which should be excluding now but it is also missing a lot of issue (like a factor of 10).
Unfortunately it is also not solving the other issue that I am facing and made a separate topic for False positives in SonarLint C++ rules in C header files in Eclipse.