Colin,
Finally got around to testing this out. I flattened the redundant jobs down into a single one and ran a test that only performed a sonar begin > build > sonar end
and it still seems to be segfaulting 
Here is the full (anonymized) logs:
section_end:1694551467:get_sources
e[0Ksection_start:1694551467:step_script
e[0Ke[0Ke[36;1mExecuting "step_script" stage of the job scripte[0;me[0;m
e[32;1m$ apk --no-cache add openjdk17 --repository=http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/communitye[0;m
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/30) Installing java-common (0.5-r0)
(2/30) Installing libffi (3.4.2-r1)
(3/30) Installing p11-kit (0.24.0-r1)
(4/30) Installing libtasn1 (4.18.0-r1)
(5/30) Installing p11-kit-trust (0.24.0-r1)
(6/30) Installing java-cacerts (1.0-r1)
(7/30) Installing openjdk17-jre-headless (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(8/30) Installing libxau (1.0.9-r0)
(9/30) Installing libmd (1.0.3-r0)
(10/30) Installing libbsd (0.11.3-r1)
(11/30) Installing libxdmcp (1.1.3-r0)
(12/30) Installing libxcb (1.14-r2)
(13/30) Installing libx11 (1.7.3.1-r1)
(14/30) Installing libxext (1.3.4-r0)
(15/30) Installing libxi (1.8-r0)
(16/30) Installing libxrender (0.9.10-r3)
(17/30) Installing libxtst (1.2.3-r3)
(18/30) Installing alsa-lib (1.2.5.1-r1)
(19/30) Installing libbz2 (1.0.8-r1)
(20/30) Installing libpng (1.6.37-r1)
(21/30) Installing freetype (2.11.1-r2)
(22/30) Installing giflib (5.2.1-r0)
(23/30) Installing libjpeg-turbo (2.1.2-r0)
(24/30) Installing lcms2 (2.12-r1)
(25/30) Installing openjdk17-jre (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(26/30) Installing openjdk17-jmods (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(27/30) Installing openjdk17-jdk (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(28/30) Installing openjdk17-demos (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(29/30) Installing openjdk17-doc (17.0.8_p7-r2)
(30/30) Installing openjdk17 (17.0.8_p7-r2)
Executing busybox-1.34.1-r5.trigger
Executing ca-certificates-20211220-r0.trigger
Executing java-common-0.5-r0.trigger
OK: 331 MiB in 62 packages
e[32;1m$ export PATH="$PATH:/root/.dotnet/tools"e[0;m
e[32;1m$ dotnet tool install --global dotnet-sonarscanner --version 5.13.1 --configfile nuget.config.cie[0;m
You can invoke the tool using the following command: dotnet-sonarscanner
Tool 'dotnet-sonarscanner' (version '5.13.1') was successfully installed.
e[32;1m$ dotnet restore ./api/backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.csproj --configfile nuget.config.ci -fe[0;m
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.csproj (in 4.27 sec).
e[32;1m$ dotnet restore ./api/backend-for-frontend-api-tests/MyPipeline.UnitTests.csproj --configfile nuget.config.ci -fe[0;m
Determining projects to restore...
Restored /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.csproj (in 541 ms).
Restored /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api-tests/MyPipeline.UnitTests.csproj (in 2.13 sec).
e[32;1m$ dotnet sonarscanner begin /k:"components-bff" /d:sonar.verbose=true /d:sonar.login=$SONARQUBE_TOKEN /d:sonar.host.url=http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/ /n:"components-bff"e[0;m
SonarScanner for MSBuild 5.13.1
Using the .NET Core version of the Scanner for MSBuild
Default properties file was found at /root/.dotnet/tools/.store/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/tools/net5.0/any/SonarQube.Analysis.xml
Loading analysis properties from /root/.dotnet/tools/.store/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/tools/net5.0/any/SonarQube.Analysis.xml
sonar.verbose=true was specified - setting the log verbosity to 'Debug'
Pre-processing started.
Preparing working directories...
Using environment variables to determine the download directory...
20:44:41.727 20:44:41.72 Loading analysis properties from /root/.dotnet/tools/.store/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/tools/net5.0/any/SonarQube.Analysis.xml
20:44:41.727 20:44:41.727 sonar.verbose=true was specified - setting the log verbosity to 'Debug'
20:44:41.729 Updating build integration targets...
20:44:41.733 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/4.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.733 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/10.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.733 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/11.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.734 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/12.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.734 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/14.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.734 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/15.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.734 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/.local/share/Microsoft/MSBuild/Current/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.734 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/Microsoft/MSBuild/15.0/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.735 Installed SonarQube.Integration.ImportBefore.targets to /root/Microsoft/MSBuild/Current/Microsoft.Common.targets/ImportBefore
20:44:41.735 Installed SonarQube.Integration.targets to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/bin/targets
20:44:41.736 Creating config and output folders...
20:44:41.737 Creating directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf
20:44:41.737 Creating directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out
20:44:41.767 Fetching server version...
20:44:41.769 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/server/version...
20:44:41.82 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/server/version...
20:44:41.827 Checking validity of server license
20:44:41.827 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/editions/is_valid_license...
20:44:41.831 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/editions/is_valid_license...
20:44:41.863 SonarQube Community Edition detected, license is valid.
20:44:41.868 Fetching analysis configuration settings...
20:44:41.87 Fetching properties for project 'components-bff'...
20:44:41.871 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/settings/values?component=components-bff...
20:44:41.883 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/settings/values?component=components-bff...
20:44:41.896 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/languages/list...
20:44:41.898 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/languages/list...
20:44:41.901 Fetching quality profile for project 'components-bff'...
20:44:41.901 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/qualityprofiles/search?project=components-bff...
20:44:41.94 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/qualityprofiles/search?project=components-bff...
20:44:41.947 Fetching rules for quality profile 'AXlDJFJXS4-2LRLl6bEX'...
20:44:41.947 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/rules/search?f=repo,name,severity,lang,internalKey,templateKey,params,actives&ps=500&qprofile=AXlDJFJXS4-2LRLl6bEX&p=1...
20:44:42.086 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/rules/search?f=repo,name,severity,lang,internalKey,templateKey,params,actives&ps=500&qprofile=AXlDJFJXS4-2LRLl6bEX&p=1...
20:44:42.108 Local analyzer cache: /tmp/.sonarqube/resources
20:44:42.113 Writing Roslyn generated ruleset to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/Sonar-cs.ruleset...
20:44:42.125 Writing Roslyn generated ruleset to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/Sonar-cs-none.ruleset...
20:44:42.128 Provisioning analyzer assemblies for cs...
20:44:42.129 Installing required Roslyn analyzers...
20:44:42.129 Processing plugin: csharp version 8.51.0.59060
20:44:42.196 Cache miss: plugin files were not found in the local cache
20:44:42.197 Fetching resource for plugin: csharp, version 8.51.0.59060. Resource: SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip
20:44:42.197 Downloading SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/0
20:44:42.199 Downloading file to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/0/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.199 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/static/csharp/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.208 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/static/csharp/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.21 Extracting files to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/0...
20:44:42.248 Processing plugin: vbnet version 8.51.0.59060
20:44:42.265 Cache miss: plugin files were not found in the local cache
20:44:42.265 Fetching resource for plugin: vbnet, version 8.51.0.59060. Resource: SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip
20:44:42.266 Downloading SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/1
20:44:42.266 Downloading file to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/1/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.266 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/static/vbnet/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.27 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/static/vbnet/SonarAnalyzer-8.51.0.59060.zip...
20:44:42.271 Extracting files to /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/1...
20:44:42.286 Writing Roslyn analyzer additional file to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/cs/SonarLint.xml...
20:44:42.286 Fetching quality profile for project 'components-bff'...
20:44:42.286 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/qualityprofiles/search?project=components-bff...
20:44:42.328 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/qualityprofiles/search?project=components-bff...
20:44:42.329 Fetching rules for quality profile 'AXlDJFbAS4-2LRLl6br6'...
20:44:42.329 Downloading from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/rules/search?f=repo,name,severity,lang,internalKey,templateKey,params,actives&ps=500&qprofile=AXlDJFbAS4-2LRLl6br6&p=1...
20:44:42.401 Response received from http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/api/rules/search?f=repo,name,severity,lang,internalKey,templateKey,params,actives&ps=500&qprofile=AXlDJFbAS4-2LRLl6br6&p=1...
20:44:42.405 Local analyzer cache: /tmp/.sonarqube/resources
20:44:42.405 Writing Roslyn generated ruleset to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/Sonar-vbnet.ruleset...
20:44:42.406 Writing Roslyn generated ruleset to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/Sonar-vbnet-none.ruleset...
20:44:42.406 Provisioning analyzer assemblies for vbnet...
20:44:42.406 Installing required Roslyn analyzers...
20:44:42.406 Processing plugin: csharp version 8.51.0.59060
20:44:42.407 Cache hit: using plugin files from /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/0
20:44:42.407 Processing plugin: vbnet version 8.51.0.59060
20:44:42.407 Cache hit: using plugin files from /tmp/.sonarqube/resources/1
20:44:42.408 Writing Roslyn analyzer additional file to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/vbnet/SonarLint.xml...
20:44:42.413 Processing analysis cache
20:44:42.416 Incremental PR analysis: Base branch parameter was not provided.
20:44:42.416 Cache data is empty. A full analysis will be performed.
20:44:42.454 Pre-processing succeeded.
e[32;1m$ dotnet build ./api/backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.csproj -c Release -p:Version=$VERSION.$BUILD --no-restore > sonarscan.loge[0;m
e[32;1m$ dotnet sonarscanner end /d:sonar.login=$SONARQUBE_TOKENe[0;m
SonarScanner for MSBuild 5.13.1
Using the .NET Core version of the Scanner for MSBuild
Post-processing started.
20:45:41.304 20:45:41.3 Uninstalling target: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/bin/targets/SonarQube.Integration.targets
20:45:41.304 20:45:41.304 sonar.verbose=true was specified - setting the log verbosity to 'Debug'
20:45:41.304 Loading the SonarQube analysis config from /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/SonarQubeAnalysisConfig.xml
20:45:41.304 Not running under TeamBuild
20:45:41.305 Analysis base directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube
Build directory:
Bin directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/bin
Config directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf
Output directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out
Config file: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/conf/SonarQubeAnalysisConfig.xml
20:45:41.307 Generating SonarQube project properties file to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/sonar-project.properties
20:45:41.348 Setting analysis property: sonar.visualstudio.enable=false
20:45:41.399 The supplied Code Analysis ErrorLog file is a valid json file and does not need to be fixed: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/0/Issues.json
20:45:41.419 Using longest common projects path as a base directory: '/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api'.
20:45:41.438 Dumping content of sonar-project.properties
------------------------------------------------------------------------
sonar.projectKey=components-bff
sonar.projectName=components-bff
sonar.working.directory=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/.sonar
sonar.projectBaseDir=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api
sonar.pullrequest.cache.basepath=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.projectKey=components-bff:F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.projectName=backend-for-frontend-api
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.projectBaseDir=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.sourceEncoding=utf-8
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.sources=\
there were like 400 CS files listed here that I replaced with this comment, plus these:
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/obj/Release/net5.0/.NETCoreApp,Version=v5.0.AssemblyAttributes.cs",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/obj/Release/net5.0/backend-for-frontend-api.AssemblyInfo.cs",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/obj/Release/net5.0/foo.MyPipelineApi.MvcApplicationPartsAssemblyInfo.cs",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/nuget.config",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/web.config",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/appsettings.Development.json",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/appsettings.json",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.v3.ncrunchsolution",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/Scaffold.ps1",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/_NCrunch_backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.crunchsolution.cache",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/_NCrunch_backend-for-frontend-api/backend-for-frontend-api.executiontimes.cache",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/Properties/launchSettings.json",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/Properties/PublishProfiles/FolderProfile.pubxml",\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/api/backend-for-frontend-api/obj/Release/net5.0/apphost"
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.cs.analyzer.projectOutPaths=\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/0"
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.cs.roslyn.reportFilePaths=\
"/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/0/Issues.json"
F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9.sonar.working.directory=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/.sonar/mod0
sonar.host.url=http://removed-our-local-sonar-host:port/
sonar.visualstudio.enable=false
sonar.modules=F24234C2-C62E-4D0D-A1DE-93E172A494E9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
20:45:41.448 Writing processing summary to /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/ProjectInfo.log
Calling the SonarScanner CLI...
Executing file /root/.dotnet/tools/.store/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/dotnet-sonarscanner/5.13.1/tools/net5.0/any/sonar-scanner-4.8.1.3023/bin/sonar-scanner
Args: -Dsonar.scanAllFiles=true -Dproject.settings=/builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff/.sonarqube/out/sonar-project.properties --from=ScannerMSBuild/5.13.1 --debug <sensitive data removed>
Working directory: /builds/foo/outlook/foo-components-gen3-xl-bff
Timeout (ms):-1
Process id: 425
Process returned exit code 139
The SonarScanner did not complete successfully
20:45:41.478 Post-processing failed. Exit code: 1
section_end:1694551541:step_script
e[0Ksection_start:1694551541:cleanup_file_variables
e[0Ke[0Ke[36;1mCleaning up project directory and file based variablese[0;me[0;m
section_end:1694551542:cleanup_file_variables
e[0Ke[31;1mERROR: Job failed: command terminated with exit code 1
e[0;m
I did notice some of our larger repos were spitting out so many warnings that it was causing a similar issue. This specific repo only has like 18 warnings though.
Any other ideas on how I could troubleshoot this?